Improvement in pumps



@Ntra STATES arnNr raton LYMAN B. ORITTENDEN, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

IMPROVEMENT IN PUMPS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 40,32%, dated October20, 1803.

To all whom t may concern.-

Be it known that I, LYMAN B. Cnir'rENDnN. of Cincinnati, in the countyof Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented 'a certain new and usefulImprovement in Pumps; and I do hereby declare that the following is afull, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation ofthe same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making apart of this specification, and to the letters of reference thereon.

My improvement relates mainly to that class of pumps in which thepiston-rod is hollow and forms the eduetion-pipe, as distinguished fromthose in which the piston is solid and works within a separateeductonpipe or surrounding cylinder.

It consists in connecting two of such pumps with a walking-beam, so thatthe columns of water are nearly balanced, and much less power isrequired to lift them, and also in the improvement of several of theparts of the pumps themselves.

In the annexed drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of the balancedpumps. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a single pump, showingthe arrangement of the several parts. Fig. 3 is a covered ball for thevalves. Fig. et is an improved adjustable spring collar or guide for theeduction-pipe. Fig. 5 is a spring foot-piece for securing the pump inartesiau wells or shafts of small diameter.

Like letters represent like parts in the different gures.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my improvement, l`will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

A, Fig. 2, is a stationary cylinder, provided with a ange at the footand a valve-seat, b b, at the top.

B is a movable cylinder or reciprocating piston, also constructed with avalve-seat, o c, on the top.

C is a hollow piston-rod and eductionpipe.

D is an airchamber connected with the rey ciprocating cylinder or pistonB, and surrounding t-he eduction-pipe O.

E, Figs. 2 and 3, is a ball-valve, formed of heavy or loaded wood ormetal, covered with vulcanized india-rubber, thus combining the weightof hard wood and metal with the elastic surface of the rubber, making anaccurate fit, and obviatin g much of the necessity of accurately turningthe metallic balls, and tending to preserve their shape unimpaired.

In Fig. 3 a portion of the rubber is laid over, exposing' the wood ormetal beneath.

d d d d, Fig. 2, are bridles for the ballvalves, made in parts andscrewed into that portion of the cylinder-heads forming the valve-seats.

e c are rods connecting` a flange upon the stationary cylinder with thecollarf, and forming guides for the reciprocating cylinder.

fis a collar forming a guide for the hollow piston-rod, and limiting thelength ot its stroke.

g, Fig. 4.-, is a collar, furnished with springs t t t, to be insertedin artesian wells or narrow shafts, to form an additional guide for theeduction-pi pe.

h, Fig. 2, is a foot piece for the stationary cylinder. This may beanchored to the bottom of the well by mea-ns of the ball-and-socketjoint k o, or it may be furnished with a screw, l, Fig. 5, for thepurpose of expanding the springs m m, Fig. 5, so as to compel them tograsp lirmly the sides of the aperture of narrow wells, and thus holdthe pump in place. These springs are fastened to the nut u at theirlower ends, and the action of the screw forces them to curve or bulgeoutward and press against the walls of the well.

o, Fig. 2, is the stem of the ball 7c, and is made to iit into asuitable socket.

In Fig. 1, X and X2 are two pumps, each constructed as shown in Fig. 2,which are suspended on opposite sides of the l'ulcrum of a lever orwalkin g-beam, F, thus balancing the pumps and the column of luid ineach, and requiring for their operation only an additional powersufficient to overcome the vis inertia and to lift the excess of fluidwhich is discharged at each stroke.

X3 and X4 are two similar pumps, connected with X and X2 by rods p' pand p2' p2, so that they are worked by the same movement of the lever F.By this arrangement a vertical series of any desired number of pumps maybe used, all nearly balanced, by which water or other liquids may beraised from any depth with much less power than has usually beenemployed, while the pumps themselves are less cumbrous and moreeconomical.

In operating my pumps the cylinders B and D are connected with eachother, and the joints between them, as well as the joints between theairchamber and hollow piston-rod at s s, are made air-tight. The bridlescl d d d are screwed into their places in the cylindcrheads.Reciprocating cylinder B is fitted over stationary cylinder A, and theguide-rods c c (one or more of which may be employed) and collar f areadjusted so as to limit the stroke. The foot-piece is attached to thestationary cylinder, and the pump is lowered into the well, to thebottom of which it is secured by the screw and springs or universaljoint. The balanced pumps X X2 are operated by the lever F, with whichthey are connected by pitmen G and G2. They rise and fall alternate] y,the weight of material being balanced, and the weight of iiuid also,except the excess of the column which is for the time uppermost, andwhich is discharged at each stroke.

The vertical series of pumps X and X3 or X2 and X4 may be prolonged bythe addition of pumps to any desired extent, the lower pump discharginginto a tank or reservoir from which the pump next above is supplied, andso on to the top. By this arrangement, and the balancing of the pumps asdescribed above, it is believed that the hollow-piston pump can be usedin deep and narrow shafts and wells with great efficiency, while poweris saved or applied with greater effect, and the entire apparatus isrendered more simple and economica-l.

Having thus fully described my improvements, I do not claim, broadly, tohave invented the hollow piston-rod pump, nor the ball-valve, nor thecounterpoising of pumps, other than those in which the piston-rod ishollow and serves the eduction-pipe; but

I do claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, thefollowing particulars-to wit l. The combination of hollow piston-rod C,reciprocating cylinder B, and air-chamber D, substantially as described.

2. In combination with the walking-beam F, the cylinders B', B2, B3, andB4, and hollow piston-rods C', (l2, O3, and C, with their curves andbasin, substantially as described.

3. The combination of the hollow pistonrod G, reciprocating cylinder B,and stationary cylinder A, substantially as described.

4. In combination with the third claim, the guide-rods c and collar j',substantially as described.

5. In combination with reciprocating cylinders B and B3, the rods p p',arranged and operating substantially as shown.

6. The combination, in a ball-valve, of a wood or metal core and elasticcover, substan-v tially as described.

L. B. CRITTENDEN.

Vitnesses:

SAML. S. Frsnnn, ANDREW W'HITELEY.

